Dog diseases: Parvovirus in dogs


Canine parvovirus is a disease caused by a very resistant virus that is difficult to control. It can affect any dog, regardless of its environment and age, even if there are factors that favor it. Unfortunately, in most cases, this highly contagious condition leads to the death of the infected animal within a few days.

 This is why it is important to know how to detect the first symptoms of parvovirus, in order to be able to act as quickly as possible in the event of contamination. Since treatments are heavy and rarely effective, prevention is recommended.

Canine parvovirus


 What is canine parvovirus?
The parvovirus responsible for parvovirus is a virulent strain that is resistant to common disinfection products. For this reason, the dog does not need to be in a dirty environment to be contaminated, as the virus is spread through the feces of the affected animals. Thus, parvovirus can attack any animal that comes to lick the stools or vomit of another animal infected with the disease, during outings for example or during contact with other dogs as is the case in animal shelters or in livestock farms in particular.

 In addition, young dogs (under 6 months of age) are more susceptible to parvovirus, especially during the "critical period" when the puppy is no longer protected by his mother's antibodies. Caution and prevention are therefore essential: do not take your puppy out until his vaccinations are up to date, and avoid introducing other animals potentially carrying the virus into the environment.

Symptoms of parvovirus


 Parvovirus progresses rapidly in the dog's body and spreads completely into the dog after only 3 days of presence. This first phase results in fever, severe fatigue and loss of appetite. Later, when the virus reaches the intestines and bone marrow, it will cause very impressive vomiting and bleeding diarrhea. Bone marrow contamination will cause a drop in the number of white blood cells, resulting in a lack of immune defenses, making the dog more vulnerable to other diseases.

 Additional infections can then occur and further weaken the animal... If adults resist better than young dogs, they can also be severely affected. The condition can be improved with long-term and intensive care, but the mortality rate remains high. Due to excessive diarrhea and vomiting, the dog can quickly die of dehydration.

How to treat parvovirus?


 Once the symptoms have been reported, it is necessary to act quickly and rehydrate the animal and rebalance certain essential nutrients such as glucose and potassium. This is intensive care that will have to be performed in the veterinary clinic, where the dog will remain under infusion for several days. The veterinarian may also administer anti-vomitives to recharge the animal, thus accelerating the repair of intestinal mucous membranes.

 Antibiotic treatment is also necessary to stop contamination with additional bacteria and avoid sepsis, which could add to the ravages of the virus. Important health precautions must be taken to avoid contaminating other animals in the clinic. Thus, treatment and management of the disease are heavy and costly, with little chance of survival. It will also be necessary to carry out complete decontamination of the dog's habitat, as the parvovirus can resist in the environment for several months or even years.

Preventive measures against parvovirus


 The only effective prevention against parvovirus is vaccination, but it will only be fully effective after the puppy's 12 weeks: the presence of antibodies transmitted by breast milk inhibits the virus, and therefore the vaccine too, before this age! As a result, a puppy vaccinated too young will not be protected. Until vaccination is possible, the precautionary principle applies: avoid contact with unvaccinated dogs and disinfect the habitat with bleach in case of contamination. It is the only disinfectant effective against the virus, with caustic soda.

 Ideally, it will take up to an hour before rinsing for optimal decontamination. Any object that has potentially come into contact with excrement (shoes, etc.) should be disinfected and left outside the house if possible. Be particularly vigilant between the puppy's 8th and 12th week, a transition period when maternal antibodies no longer protect him 100% but still inhibit the vaccine.

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